We know that if K(p)>0 at one pint, then the surface locally in one side of its affine tangent plane. On the other hand, if the surface lies in one side around a point, then K(p)≥0. However, there are surfaces that at one point p∈S, K(p)=0, K>0 around p, BUT the surface lies in both sides of TpS. An example is the surface z=f(x,y)=x3(1+y2). Let p=(0,0,0). Take the parametrization X(x,y)=(x,y,x3(1+y2)).
Then X−1(p)=(0,0) and as Xx(0,0)=(1,0,0) and Xy(0,0)=(0,1,0), then TpS is the plane z=0. Since 1+y2≥0 and x3 changes of sign at x=0, then f change of sign around p, that is, the surface has points in both sides of TpS, as it appears in the next figure:
We now compute the Gauss curvature using the formula K(X(x,y))=fxxfyy−f2xy(1+f2x+f2y)2.
Then K(X(x,y))=12x4(1−2y2)(1+f2x+f2y)2.
In the open set of S gieven by V=X(U), where U={(x,y):x∈R,|y|<1/}, K>0 in V−{p} and K(p)=0. The next figure is the numerator of K in |x|<1, |y|<1/2 that hows that the sign of K is, indeed, positive.
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